Two questions.
My family insist on using Whatsapp for the family chats. I have to keep a copy on a device just so I can communicate with them. I do so under protest, as I was always told it isn’t secure. My brother has just said
“oh Whatsapp is encrypted, it’s perfectly secure”.
First, is it actually as encrypted and safe as my brother claims? That would solve everything.
Second, if it isn’t, where can I get some proof that we should switch to Telegram or whatever? Proof which doesn’t make me look like a raving loony?
My understanding is that it IS encrypted, and its supposed to use the Signal protocol (Signal developed it and released it for others to use)
The problems are with
- metadata (like the other comment explained)
- closed source, so we take their word on it for how it works. It’s possible they’re being misleading or doing something shady
See this image from a few years ago:
Note that signal does require this, which isn’t in the chart:
- phone number (for now)
- last active date
- sign up date (I think)
Oh also @Thisfox@sopuli.xyz
Instead of Telegram, consider one of these, it’s easier to switch to the good one now than to try and switch again later.
https://www.privacyguides.org/en/real-time-communication
Signal works great for my family
I have been using Telegram for… A really long time. A decade? Maybe not that long. But yeah, no reason to change from what works for me. You’re right about that.
Signal and Matrix(?) and the others all seem to be a recent development, and although I have downloaded a few, no one else has them or has heard of them, so their directories are empty as I have never found anyone who wants to connect that way. It means I don’t know how to use or teach older people how to use the software. I am trying to find a simple evidence-based way to encourage my family to change their minds, but it appears it will only make me look paranoid, so probably won’t try.
That’s fair enough, it’s really location based. Around where I am, telegram isn’t that popular. I’ve met a few people using Signal and I have friends/collegues pop up in the “____ has Signal” section of the app.
We don’t really have a dominant chat app around here, there’s a good mix of messenger/instagram/iMessage, with some groups sticking to Whatsapp/WeChat/Viber.
I am trying to find a simple evidence-based way to encourage my family to change their minds, but it appears it will only make me look paranoid
I think part of it is because it’s hard to convince people without first explaining how things work. Not much use in worrying about it if you can’t, just look out for yourself. What you COULD do is to use the private option when you need to talk about something sensitive. If the app is installed on their phone then they’re more likely to use it, and even if not then you’re looking out for yourself
Corporations love to lie with almost truths, or incomplete truths. So sure it might be end-to-end encrypted between two users, and each message is also signed with a special key that the corporation can view, or that some trusted third party carnivore system could view. That means they didn’t lie, it is end to end encrypted, it’s just three-way encrypted instead of two-way encrypted.
Or it is end-to-end encrypted across the network, but the edge devices, ie the phones, have search capabilities built into them to deliver the messages back to the organization based on some match capability.
And as other people indicated, closed source you don’t know what’s happening, you don’t know what’s changing, you just don’t know
Interesting! Do you remember where you got this chart?
I think it’s from here :)
Also it does leave out some info, I edited my comment up top
These are just screenshots of the data privacy section from the Apple AppStore of each of the apps. Afaik those are mandatory & self reported by the devs of the app.
I do not consent to Signal knowing about my empty box
iMessage definitely has more hooks in than those listed. It’s an integral Apple service that’s hooked into your deeper iCloud account. And because of that, they know a lot more than just a mere “chat” app would get access to. Which likely makes it harder to quantify.
Moreover, Meta and Alphabet also cross reference a lot of data points from all the other sources they have (cookies, IP logs, etc.). Again making actual data points fuzzy or incomplete.
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Technically, yes, it is encrypted. However, Facebook still gets metadata on who you talk to, when you talk to them, how long you talk to them, your contact information, etc. As an example, if you talked to your girlfriend, then you talked to her doctor, and then you talked to your mom. There’s a good chance that your girlfriend may be pregnant, even if I did not know what was said. Or, if I know you are at the top of a bridge and that you contacted a suicide hotline… So just because it is encrypted does not mean it is safe.
Also WhatsApp requests access to the phone book and is very hard to use if you deny access. This is very likely done because Facebook wants access to the stored numbers to build a social graph. Even if you personally don’t mind, it is a gross privacy violation to share the phone number of other people with Facebook.
Question, how would you use a messaging app that identifies users trough phone numbers without giving it access to phone numbers?
By typing in the numbers, or selectively sharing them from the address book. This works fine on Signal, Telegram and Threema. Only Whatsapp makes it so that you have to share your entire address book with the app.
With some workarounds you can actually use whatsapp also without giving it access to your address book, which shows that it is clearly an intentional dark pattern by Facebook to make people share their entire address book with them to avoid the hassle.
That’s clever about the pregnancy.
I would have thought it was about a case of herpes that you caught from your girlfriend and then gave to your mom.
And that’s why privacy is important - the assumptions and decisions an algorithm makes are not necessarily correct, often not even close.
Edit:before someone wants to be smart: yes, I know it’s a joke.
ml doesn’t understand jokes very well, so honestly it’s not a shit example lol
This made me laugh. Thanks
Well said. I’m saving this comment in case I need to explain this to someone else.
the other important thing with all of this is that even if your girlfriend is taking care, THEY STILL KNOW
people around you (or “you”, in this case) using these services impacts your privacy
is there anything we can do about that? probably not
but it’s worth being aware of
No Telegram lol. Thats way worse. Whatsapp sais they are E2EE but its all “trust me bro” because you cannot look at the code.
With Telegram its a little pain to open encrypted chats and groups are always unencrypted. So its useless.
Let them try Signal, its nearly identical but you can trust it.
Iunno if I would say that Signal can be trusted considering their ties to the US State Dept
The beauty of using Signal with an open-source Signal client is that you don’t need to trust them, which is kind of the point.
Cybersec researcher here. The content of your chat is encrypted end to end. Their servers can’t read what you write. This is because they use the same protocol as signal, x3dh and double ratchet. However, they can and will collect everything else. Contact info, for example, phone, etc
Link previews however, are calculated server-side. So, yeah. They see any link posted.
If you login to another device with WhatsApp, does it show your chat history? If so, then the servers have your key.
I’ve never used any FB service, so I don’t know., and I don’t know anyone who uses WhatsApp.
To “link” other devices you have to scan a qr from your phone, so it’s certainly possible that during that process the devices connect and share the key, and the servers don’t have it.
Or the servers could have it. Idk, it’s closed source, that’s the problem at hand.
Sounds like it transfers the ID Out-of-band, so that’s good, does the desktop get the chat history then? (It’s possible it pulls chat history from the phone).
Oh, I agree with the closed source issue. That makes it a no-sale for me.
No, the protocol is sound enough, WhatsApp doesn’t have the key, doesn’t want the key (so they will probably not be responsible for what you are communicating with others), and doesn’t need the key - as others have put so eloquently, the metadata is rich enough for them.
Initially you could only log in from one device, as it created a new private key every time you switched device. Then they implemented Whatsapp Web, which essentially required the primary device to be connected to the internet, the chats would then be transferred from the primary device to the secondary devices (I assume through an encrypted tunnel of some sorts). Then as of late they have implemented a new technology that allows you to share your private key among multiple devices, making them all the “primary device”. The chat history and all the messages can be shared from one device to another while encrypted. The weak spot at one point was the chat backup, which was unencrypted and stored in your Google Drive, so technically Google could have had access to all your chats. Today though, you can encrypt the backup through a password.
In theory Whatsapp has never needed to read your chats to have the functionality it has. That’s in theory because it’s closed source and we cannot know anything for certain. All this is just what Meta/Whatsapp said or pure speculation.
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You literally send the message you report, that has nothing to do with breaking encryption.
That’s like me showing you a letter I don’t like and then accusing you of intercepting my mail, lmao.
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Content of the Tweet if you don’t want to click X links:
What #Telegram collects and stores:
- Unencrypted messages, photos, videos, and files
- Encrypted photos and videos from secret chats
- Phone numbers and contacts
- Metadata such as IP addresses
…
What #WireMin collects and stores:
- None.
#Decentralization #privacy
By @WireMin
Caution, wiremin is closed source, there is no proof for any of its claims. The risk profile is even worse than WhatsApp, because there are not independent security researchers trying to tear it apart.
Wiremin keeps popping up here in gorilla marketing. It has no discussion on privacy tools… All the mentions appear to be from the business creators.
I’m running it on a couple test devices. It sucks. It eats ram, it’s sluggish, the UI is unintuitive. Add that to being closed source, and I won’t use it for real.
Switch to Telegram
You know it’s not even E2EE by default, and when it is it uses a homegrown algo that is not exactly well spoken of? (at least V1)
for clarity, i think that the worst thing anyone’s been able to decisively prove about telegrams encryption is that it’s vulnerable to replay attacks… which in the context of privacy rather than full security isn’t suuuuper problematic
that’s not to say that there aren’t other flaws; that’s kinda the point behind “rule number 1: DONT INVENT YOUR OWN CRYPTO”: you just don’t know what flaws there are… AES (etc) has had a LOT of eyes on it
but for the most part, the negativity with the crypto boils down to what-ifs
IIRC Telegram is only e2e if you explicitly enable it, and not at all for group chats. My info is probably (and hopefully) outdated though.
And E2EE is only available on phones, circa a couple of years ago anyways
yeah that’s also correct and a very valid criticism
As I see it, the key advantage of Telegram is not technical, it is political.
Yes, Telegram is a slightly shady company with an ambiguous business model and a possibly-dodgy encryption algorithm (when it is even turned on).
But Telegram is based outside the reach of the West (in UAE, eastern Europe, maybe even Russia). Whatever its other problems, nobody thinks that Telegram is under the thumb of Western governments, as the Big Tech corporate messengers almost certainly are.
Personally I don’t care much if Russia or even China is spying on me. Because if we can be certain of anything in this world, it’s that Russia and China are not sharing their spyware data with Western intelligence agencies. And as Westerners we live outside the reach of the Russian and Chinese police states, fortunately. So for us it’s win-win for privacy. That’s the way I see it.
The ideal solution, of course, is a truly private messenger which protects everyone’s privacy, including Chinese and Russians.
Telegram’s servers are located in US, Singapore, Netherlands (and maybe some other countries) from what I’ve gathered. And all chats that are not E2EE’ed are stored there, encrypted at rest at best with keys in the same database, or somewhere else that can still be accessed in automated way. Maybe it is not even encrypted at rest.
The point is, all those countries are either in 5 eyes or have information sharing agreements with 5 eyes countries. So as far as I’m concerned, TLAs can still have their fingers in those pies, in addition to Telegram’s overall shadiness and Russian ties. So maybe you get KGB strongman keeping a watch over your chats too.
This is not something I’d have much confidence in to be honest.
For the average Westerner, the threat from shady Russian agents seems orders of magnitude less serious than that from their own governments and police forces.
For EE2E, the corporate spyware messengers are asking us to take their word for it. Hard.
About the server locations, that’s interesting and does indeed undermine my argument a bit.
But how can I virtue signal when using the mainstream app???
When you type a message a message and send it to your counter part, WhatsApp says it encrypts it and the recipient will decrypt it on their side with WhatsApp. However, WhatsApp is closed source. That means you trust WhatsApp to do what it says.
It’s like going to a contractor and telling them your message and handing them a key. The contractor says they’ll deliver it to the other party in a manner that nobody else will be able to read that message. You can ask them provide the tools they do it, explain how they do it, and show you how it’s done, but they say “no can do, trade secret”. Do you trust them?
Alright, let’s say you do trust them, they really do make the message unreadable to anybody but the other party. But every time you want to send a message, you have to go to their building, write down the message on a notepad, and then hand it + the key to the messenger. If you told them “Just to be sure, I’d like to verify that nobody else is here possibly looking at the message while I write, nor reading it when you go into the backroom to render it unreadable” and asked “Can I check for other people here?” to which they respond “no can do, trade secret”. Do you trust them?
Alright alright, so you still trust them. They won’t let you check anything, but you still trust them. The messenger is employed by the one and Sauron Inc. The owner has been caught lying about stuff before, but you trust them. No problem.
Let’s says the messenger says “hey, you know, all the communications you have when you go into the small room there, we can make copies for you! if the messages were ever misplaced, this building burned down or anything, you could always have the communication history”. You find it a great idea! Wow, it’s so convenient. They even suggest to put copies in a building in another city and the building is owned by Darth Vader Inc. You’re ecstatic! To get the process started, WhatsApp walks into your room with a bunch of blank papers and chest, then asks you to hand over your key and closes the door behind them. You are escorted out of the building and wait for the process to be over.
A few months later, the city is bombarded by Megatron. The WhatsApp building is destroyed and your communications are gone! The key you had for the messenger to render your communications unreadable? Gone too! Well, luckily you can just go to another WhatsApp building. You enter, say your name, fill in your details and you are escorted to a room that looks just like the one in the building the Megatron destroyed!
The elation is great! … until you notice that all your messages are readable. Not only that, but the key that’s used to make then unreadable by WhatsApp is sitting there on the desk - pristine and undamaged as it ever was.Wait a moment… how did the unreadable messages and the key get restored? What exactly did Darth Vader Inc. get from WhatsApp?
Must just be a coincidence, right? You probably had the key in your pocked the whole time and gave it to WhatsApp while you were at the reception filling in your contact details. Your trust is unwavering, the security unrattled, and your communication unscathed.
You are right, we don’t and can’t know if any of what Meta says is true, but at least on the surface it seems to check out. If they are stealing your private key and unlocking all your chats in secret, then they are doing a bloody good job, since no one has leaked anything yet.
Just to clear things a bit, in your analogy you don’t hand the courier both the chest and the key. The chest has a special keypad that accepts two keys, one is your key, the other is the recipient’s key. What you do is you lock the chest with your key and then give it to the courier, which will deliver the chest to the other party, which will then open the chest with his key. In theory the courier never had access to the key.
Now the issues are that you are indeed writing your message from within the Whatsapp building and you can never know if there cameras watching you or not. You also cannot know if Whatsapp has made a copy of your key, or the recipient’s key without your knowledge.
As for how can you recover all your chat history even after you destroy your phone, it’s quite easy and Whatsapp doesn’t need to know anything in particular. The functionality allows you to make a backup and store it on Google Drive. That backup gets encrypted with your password and it’s probably the most secure thing of all, if nothing else because Meta would gain nothing from the backup having poor security (as it would already have all the data if they wanted it) while it would only make them loose face, plus would allow anyone else to gain access to all ~~your ~~their data. After you restore the backup on a new device a new key+padlock pair gets created and the lock gets shared to all your contacts (which will see the yellow box telling them your padlock has changed).
I’m not claiming it doesn’t have privacy issues mind you, I’m just saying that you can’t be sure either way, unfortunately. Still, better than Telegram that doesn’t even encrypt most of your chats.
That backup gets encrypted with your password
Maybe that’s a new feature? Does WhatsApp require a password when backing up now? Haven’t used it in a few years, but back when I had it, the backup to Google didn’t require anything besides your phone number and access the google drive on your account - it was only retrievable from WhatsApp and not visible on a Google Drive interface nor API.
They added the password some time ago. I would say maybe a couple years
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i’ve seen the bullet points from that article riffed in different ways, but i think that’s the most important part:
- They know you rang a phone sex line at 2:24 am and spoke for 18 minutes. But they don’t know what you talked about.
- They know you called the suicide prevention hotline from the Golden Gate Bridge. But the topic of the call remains a secret.
- They know you got an email from an HIV testing service, then called your doctor, then visited an HIV support group website in the same hour. But they don’t know what was in the email or what you talked about on the phone.
- They know you received an email from a digital rights activist group with the subject line “Let’s Tell Congress: Stop SESTA/FOSTA” and then called your elected representative immediately after. But the content of those communications remains safe from government intrusion.
- They know you called a gynecologist, spoke for a half hour, and then called the local abortion clinic’s number later that day.
Does it though when they control both ends. It is encrypted between each end which I guess secures against things like a man in the middle attack from outside parties but their app encrypts it on one end and decrypts it on the other. I have a very hard time believing that they don’t “read” your messages at some point in that process.
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I’ve wondered if they don’t know the data. They can perfectly read the convo on your device, assign a category what you’re talking about and keeping that category. They don’t store, read, know the conversation, they only ‘analyze’ it. F.e. if you talk about planes they may assign a category travel and sell your profile to holiday companies?
I don’t know about this, I’m just thinking that’s how I’d do it if I ran an evil corp.
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Whatsapp is encrypted. The problem is the Metadata they want - i.e. your whole address book.
I do not agree to Facebook having my phone number, but if you use WA and have my number, they have it, too - even if I don’t use WA myself.
If you can convince your family to switch, use Signal or Matrix.
Otherwise, use Shelter on your phone with a limited, WA-ony address book.
You can actually use it without giving it contacts permission, but you’ll have to add people via short links, like
wa.me/(number).Good to know, thanks.
Signal has a whole host of other problems from requiring a SIM card for an account (many places require a passport to get a SIM), to requiring an Android/iOS primary device (no Linux or KaiOS or phoneless life for you), & it’s still centralized metadata.
Matrix has defacto centralization issues around Matrix.org (they own the spec, largest server which syncs back all metadata, most popular clients) & the default clients/servers are still way too resource dependent for accessibly self-hosting for many (that’s starting to change finally).
You know what network is well decentralized, has low resources, & has more years of battle testing? XMPP + OMEMO for encryption. …And these are probably way the dark web tends to prefer it because it fits all the base requirements.
In a similar situation as you (entire society revolves around whatsapp). I came to this conclusion:
-
Others won’t share my view on personal privacy at all will happily give out any metadata or data. No matter what secure channel we use, the destination (people) will always leak.
-
Because of (1), consider all communication with others as public, no matter the inferred intimacy, no matter the platform or its security.
-
Consider (2) as true even if they somehow used Signal or any secure platform, because of (1). (E.g. “Hey, did you hear about $familyMember? Yes, the weird kiddo who forced me to use some strange blue shit for chat. He got positive on blood exam for $badCondition. Go check on him”)
As for whatsapp itself, i use Android and isolate it in a separate profile, also frozen until opened. I also used a burner phone number for account registration, not my actual number.
People are more receptive of whatsapp accounts with “alternate” numbers when you explain you “got hacked in the past” or any plausible reason.
-
I case they’re set on WhatsApp:
You could use something like:
https://github.com/mautrix/whatsapp
and bridge WA to a secure Matrix server of your choice. That way you can have a secure environment and they can use whatever they like.
Here is an overview table about messengers, in case you want to compare them and have more arguments in the discussion:
https://www.messenger-matrix.de/messenger-matrix-en.html
I wouldn’t consider WA secure. They do tracking, they have your phone numbers and those of all of your friends and know exactly who you talk to, when, and how often. Even if they don’t know the content of the message because it’s encrypted, that’s a lot of information for the algorithm to feed on. Apart from that, I’m not sure if they have access to the encryption keys. They might be able to decrypt everything if they want.
I’m sure someone wrote a lengthy blog article about WA. But unless someone does a proper security audit including where the encryption keys are stored and the implications of that and how extra features like breaking encryption in case someone flags an inappropriate post turns out… The ‘it’s safe’ is just a claim by your brother or Meta. You’re free to believe in anything you want. But it’s not necessarily true.
With the new European regulations Whatapp will soon be forced to offer some compatibility towards 3rd party apps, so there are chances that perhaps bridging in this way will become easier in the near future, or at least have some level of official support. But we won’t know for certain how will it work until it happens. All we know is that Whatsapp is currently working on a way for 3rd parties to connect with them.
Personally, I’d hold for a bit to see where does that go and then decide what method to use.
I don’t want to sound overly negative here. But that idea is more a hypothetical proposal “we should do something about it” at this point. There is a working group mimi. But not even a draft or technical proposal, yet. And interoperability is hard, and they also want to come up with a solution that makes it secure, the messages confidential and maybe grant anonymous access. These problems aren’t solved at all as of today. On top you have to deal with spam, malicious servers, users, lawful interception and all kinds of things in a distributed platform. Then they need to come up with a text for the regulation. Write it, discuss and do several revisions, debate it. And there will be lobbyism against it and court cases because it cuts into the business model of large companies. Then it has to be adopted into national legislation and it will get a grace period.
So if you want to wait 'til 2029 (or so) to reply to your mom, go ahead and wait for the EU. I don’t have a crystal ball to be sure, but I highly doubt that this will happen in the next few years.
And on top, there is no guarantee that it turns out good or usable in the first place. There is a lot of lobbyism happening in the EU. Especially by big tech. They’ll find a way to make it a thing that just connects Apple, Meta and Google and exclude independant or secure services.
Yes, I agree that it feels unrealistic that there will be something stable and good by the time the law actually takes effect. But the regulation (the Digital Markets Act) has been already approved since 2022 and we already have a deadline for Whatsapp set by the EU: March 2024 (6 months from 6th September 2023, which is when the Commission designated Meta as “Gatekeeper” and Whatsapp as a “Core Platform Service”).
So, while I’m very skeptical that the result will be satisfactory, I’m very curious to see what will Whatsapp come up with when the deadline hits, because, allegedly, they are already working on it.
Thx for the additional links!
I’m curious what Meta is going to unveil. Usually big tech companies get ahead of legislation, in order to set a standard they like, or to prevent possible more strict regulation from happening. We see the same thing with AI and practically everything the big tech companies lobby for. I’m a bit wary.
Whatsapp is under the hood still a lightly modified XMPP system, and given Zucks recent comments about federated protocols (albright in a Threads i.e. ActivityPub context), they might just get their XMPP federation working again.
they might just get their XMPP federation working again
The corporations decided to reinvent a new chat protocol all over again due to EU regulations. They were probably laid out by them specifically to allow a lot of wiggle room to keep their silos & meet minimum requirements.
Related: https://git.sr.ht/~nicoco/slidge-whatsapp can puppet a WhatsApp account via XMPP gateway
To be frank with you, humans are the weakest security point in any system. Even if you did somehow (impossibly) 100% secure your device… you’re literally sending everything to X other family members who don’t care about security anyway and take zero preventative measures. That’s sort of the point of a chat app. All they would need to do is target your family instead of you to get the exact same info - this is how Facebook has everyone’s telephone number and profile photo, even if they don’t have an account. And if it’s a WhatsApp data breach… well. Your family is just one in a sea of millions of potentially better/easier targets.
If there’s anything interesting about your family chats that is actually secret info, it probably shouldn’t be put into text anywhere except maybe a password manager. Just tell them not to send passwords or illegal stuff or security question info via whatsapp. It’s all you can realistically do in situations like this.
We literally cannot keep all information private from everyone all the time, you have to pick and choose your battles. And even then, you’ll still lose some, even if you’re perfect.
That’s true in the sense that if a very sophisticated organization directly targets your family chat for surveillance, they’re going to find a way to access its content no matter what communication method you use.
Threat modeling is core to security, and that kind of threat probably isn’t the issue here. Mass surveillance, both government and corporate is, and neither is likely to secretly install malware on a family-members phone that can access the contents of the group chat. Doing that to large numbers of people would get them caught; they save it for valuable targets.
Governments openly forcing the install of spyware, as I’ve read China does in some cases would be an exception; you cannot have a secure conversation involving a device so compromised.
The contents of the chat messages are e2e encrypted, so meta can’t see what you are sending.
But they can see all of the Meta data, ie how often you chat with someone, how often you send pictures/videos/voice messages, etc.
That is more than enough to know everything about you and your friends.
The contents of the chat messages are e2e encrypted, so meta can’t see what you are sending.
Even if we assume correct e2ee is used (which we have no way of knowing), Meta can still see what you are sending and receiving, because they control the endpoints. It’s their app, after all.
They use the Signal protocol for e2ee.
Or so they claim. We can’t really verify their implementation though.
Even if they do, you can’t know whether they can access the encryption keys. It’s all just layers of “but this, but that” and at the very bottom a layer of “trust me, bro”.
- Meta claims it is e2e encrypted
- Meta claims they don’t have the keys and don’t scan the messages
- Meta doesn’t need to scan the messages to get meaningful marketing data about users
- Meta are known liars who will do literally anything for money
Do with that information what you will
Due to a lack of any reliable way of backing that up, I cannot convince anyone else using the opinions of a random on the internet. I was looking for a place I can show them with evidence, so I don’t look like a conspiracy theorist with a pinboard full of string and coloured paper.
It’s proprietary software. You can’t know what they’re actually doing without getting a job there and getting assigned to that project. But given Facebook’s long history of user hostile behavior, the statements from Zuckerberg that people who trust him are idiots, and the class action lawsuits against them for violating consumer trust and straight-up selling user data, I wouldn’t believe anything they say. Why use a 3rd party app run by a user hostile company whose entire business model revolves around capturing user data, when there are better alternatives out there? I understand that I’m preaching to the choir and I apologize. I’ve had the same argument with my two best friends trying to get them to use literally anything other than Whatsapp and they won’t. So we still communicate with a group sms on our phones. That’s better than Whatsapp as far as I’m concerned. You have my sympathies since your group is probably too big to just refuse to participate in and still get communications from.
You can for example have a look on the online resource below:
https://www.securemessagingapps.com/
It is very interesting with a big comparison grid between plenty of messaging solutions.
