A 10,000 mAh power bank is able to run 10 validators (including Geth + Rocket Pool) on a Raspberry Pi for 10 hours.
The Pi consumes 5 watts, so that comes to around 0.1 KWh’s of energy per day for 10 validators, or 0.01KWh per validator.
That 3600x more energy efficient than Bitcoin PoW, or, put another way, a 99.97% reduction in power.
If proof of stake was to use only 1% of processing power where proof of work would have used 100%. What prevents people from running 100 times more proof of stake nodes?
Each validator is required to lock up 32 eth. If the validator miss-behaves they will lose some of there deposit (or all depending on the violation).
Now 32 eth is a lot of money, most ppl don’t have that much. But if you have less you still help participate in securing the network and transitioning to PoS. There is a decentralized staking pool, lido that allows multiple ppl to pool together there eth until it reaches a multiple of 32 which is then bound. There are also centralized pool that allow you to do the same but you need to trust whatever entity that is running the pool. So I think contributing to centralized pool doesn’t necessary contribute to the decentralization and security of the protocol.