Two objective things that I can think of where cargo bikes might be better:
If you want to go backwards (e.g. if you are on a narrow path or have parked your bike). Reversing anything with a trailer is more difficult so cargo hikes have an advantage here.
Busy or narrow places. It is harder to be aware of a trailer as it is behind you while cargo bikes often have the cargo in front of the rider.
Two objective things that I can think of where cargo bikes might be better: