In 1997, Eric S. Raymonds, The Cathedral and the Bazaar, prompts Netscape to release Navigator as free software.

The tech industry was examining how to bring open source ideas, principles into commercial software. Some decided that social activism tendencies of the FSF (Free Software Foundation) unappealing, and looked for ways to rebrand free software movement to emphasize business potential. “Open Source” was decided upon and Linus Torvalds approved.

Raymond in Cathedral and Bazaar, relates managing open-source project fetchmail, struggle between top-down (Cathedral) like emacs, bottom-up design (Bazaar) like Linux, “given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow”, the more widely available, scrutinized, iterated, all bugs discovered. Inordinate time, energy spent in Cathedral model. Many lessons, principles inumerated.