For the past week, I’ve been trying to switch my /home partition from my 500GB nvme to my 1TB sata ssd. I’ve been asking and receiving help from people in my previous post, but I keep hitting wall after wall in making it work and I seem to be missing a step.

Big thank you to @pixelscript@lemmy.ml, @NateSwift@beehaw.org, for replying to my comments and helping me along.

Previous post:

I finally installed Linux, but I’m having a mixed experience

Context:

OS: Fedora Linux 39 (KDE Plasma) x86_64
Kernel: 6.5.6-300.fc39.x86_64
DE: Plasma 5.27.8
WM: Kwin
CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 5600X
GPU: Nvidia Geforce GTX 1660

I have a 500GB nvme which I want to have my entire / stored within. And I have a 1TB sata ssd which I want to have my /home to be stored in. I’ve tried many of the steps some helpful people here on lemmy have detailed, and though it’s gotten me closer to getting it right, but I still can’t seem to login when I switch my fstab.

Allow me to go through every step I’ve done so far.

I reinstalled fedora, hoping I could separate my /home in the installer. No such luck, anytime I switched my /home partition into the 1TB drive my entire root directory would follow it. I decided to do the auto install on my nvme and do it manually when it’s fully installed.

So just to be clear I am starting from a clean install nothing except neofetch and vim installed.

I created two new directories directly in /. They were /new_home and /old_home.

I formatted my 1TB disk, partitioned it, and then formatted the partition into an ext4, 931.5 G partition.

I mounted it to /new_home

NAME        FSTYPE FSVER LABEL  UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
sda                                                                                 
└─sda1      ext4   1.0          f56df020-2420-4b0c-af4d-2c4c6a56a0b0  718.4G    16% /new_home

From here I ran the command sudo rsync -a /home/adelie/new_home. this is why the current available space is 718.4G. I also added a new file to /new_home called confirm.txt in order to tell which was which at a glance.

I check the permissions and ownership of both /home and /new_home with ls -la they were identical.

adelie@localhost-live:/new_home$ ls -la /new_home

total 8
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root   root   4096 Feb 27 11:06 .
dr-xr-xr-x.  1 root   root    204 Feb 25 21:13 ..
drwx------. 15 adelie adelie 4096 Feb 27 11:11 adelie
adelie@localhost-live:/new_home$ ls -la /home

total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 1 root   root    12 Feb 25 21:01 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 1 root   root   204 Feb 25 21:13 ..
drwx------. 1 adelie adelie 348 Feb 27 11:25 adelie
adelie@localhost-live:/new_home$

The story is the same inside the $USER files, the files and directories are identical and so are there permissions and ownership.

I added /dev/sda1 to fstab to auto boot both drives.

UUID=d5877671-6a39-4d96-9a2a-514b6007a59b /                       btrfs   subvol=root,compress=zstd:1 0 0
UUID=ed92de40-2403-4365-9b5c-eb10d519757c /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=02E9-123A          /boot/efi               vfat    umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
UUID=d5877671-6a39-4d96-9a2a-514b6007a59b /home                   btrfs   subvol=home,compress=zstd:1 0 0
UUID=f56df020-2420-4b0c-af4d-2c4c6a56a0b0 /new_home               ext4    defaults        1 2

At this point I haven’t changed the boot path for /home yet. When I rebooted, everything worked as expected. When I entered the KDE login screen it let me go into my desktop when I inputted my password correctly.

After this I decided to swap them.

UUID=d5877671-6a39-4d96-9a2a-514b6007a59b /                       btrfs   subvol=root,compress=zstd:1 0 0
UUID=ed92de40-2403-4365-9b5c-eb10d519757c /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=02E9-123A          /boot/efi               vfat    umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 2
UUID=d5877671-6a39-4d96-9a2a-514b6007a59b /old_home                   btrfs   subvol=home,compress=zstd:1 0 0
UUID=f56df020-2420-4b0c-af4d-2c4c6a56a0b0 /home               ext4    defaults        1 2

When I entered into the KDE login screen, anytime I inputted my password correctly it would kick me back to the login screen within the second. At this point I assumed it was a KDE issue and that I was missing a step in order to login correctly.

I read a comment explaining TTY, and that I should try logging in from there to confirm if it was a KDE issue or not. When I tried it I ended up with this.

Fedora Linux 39 (KDE Plasma)
Kernel 6.5.6-300.fc39.x86_64 on an x86_64 (tty3)

Localhost-live login: adelie
Password:
Last login: Tue Feb 27 xx:xx:xx on tty3
 -- adelie: /home/adelie: change directory failed: Permission denied
Logging in with home = "/".

From my root account I checked /home and /old_home, and /home contained confirm.txt, meaning that everything mounted properly, I then changed the fstab back to what is was originally.

This is where I’m at now.

I’m totally lost on what step I missed. I’d like to get this working in order to actually be able to use my computer, as I am committed to changing my /home directory before making any major changes or installs. If anybody has any idea on what I missed please feel free to pitch in.

*Update: The issue was SELinux. My SELinux contexts were bad and were denying me access to my own data. I reset the context with this command, restorecon -Rv /home/

I’d like to give a big thanks to,

/u/shininghero@kbin.social; for pointing out SELinux as a possible issue.

/u/burrito@sh.itjust.works; for providing the command to fix this issue.

/u/kbal@fedia.io; for being so patient with me, and helping me go through the list of possible issues.

  • kbal@fedia.io
    1·
    10 months ago

    Yeah, logging in as root (good to know things are configured so you can do that) when it’s giving that error, and then running those commands should have done the trick I’d have thought.

    just to be clear i ran chmod 700 not 755.

    Well that’s fine so long as you also did “chmod a+x /home”. If for some reason you did “chmod 700 /home” as root that is no good.

    The error message you got strongly suggests that it should’ve worked. If you mount that new home again so you get the same error, then log in as root and show us the results of

    ls -ld /home
ls -ld /home/adelie

    That would perhaps clear things up.

    • yianiris@kafeneio.social
      2·
      10 months ago

      The home directory of the user is defined in /etc/passwd

      Make sure it is the same as the one you have.

      % sudo grpck
      will check your group shadow gshadow passwd files for conflicts, it will tell you what you need to fix or if it is simple it will fix it for you.
      If you get no output everything is OK

      @kbal @pixelscript @NateSwift @Doctor_Rex

    • Doctor_RexOP
      1·
      10 months ago

      Heres what I got

      root@localhost-live:/# ls -ld /home
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 27 11:06 /home

root@localhost-live:/# ls -ld /home/adelie
drwx------. 15 adelie adelie 4096 Feb 27 18:00 /home/adelie
      • kbal@fedia.io
        2·
        10 months ago

        Okay well it’s pretty weird I guess. I do have one more idea… instead of swapping the entries in fstab, try removing the old one and not mounting old home at all. To do that, put a “#” in front of the line that would mount old_home.

        I don’t know how btrfs works so maybe it really is that somehow. Maybe its “subvol=home” is somehow causing a problem.

        • Doctor_RexOP
          1·
          10 months ago

          I’ll do that but just to be clear this is my partition table

          adelie@localhost-live:~$ lsblk -f
NAME        FSTYPE FSVER LABEL  UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINTS
sda                                                                                 
└─sda1      ext4   1.0          f56df020-2420-4b0c-af4d-2c4c6a56a0b0  718.4G    16% /new_home
zram0                                                                               [SWAP]
nvme0n1                                                                             
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat   FAT32        02E9-123A                             581.4M     3% /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 ext4   1.0          ed92de40-2403-4365-9b5c-eb10d519757c  719.6M    19% /boot
└─nvme0n1p3 btrfs        fedora d5877671-6a39-4d96-9a2a-514b6007a59b  332.4G    28% /home
                                                                                    /
          • Doctor_RexOP
            1·
            10 months ago

            So I did that and nothing different happened. I’m sorry to keep taking your time like this do you know of any place like a Discord, server or something, that I can talk with somebody about this in real time.

            I’m probably going to give this issue one more day to resolve before I give up and switch to Windows 11.

        • Doctor_RexOP
          1·
          10 months ago

          So I did that and nothing different happened. I’m sorry to keep taking your time like this do you know of any place, like a Discord server or something, that I can talk with somebody about this in real time.

          I’m probably going to give this issue one more day to resolve before I give up and switch to Windows 11.

          • kbal@fedia.io
            1·
            10 months ago

            Edit: Never mind, it’s probably SELinux or something like that.

            I dunno, it’s just really weird that the ls -ld output was saying everything was fine and yet at the same time (it was at the same time right?) the user login was saying you don’t have permission to that same home directory. You could try again, log in as root (after confirming you still get the same permission denied error) and then do:

            ls -ldn /home/adelie
ls -ldn /home
grep adelie /etc/passwd
su - adelie
cd /home/adelie

            That would show the numeric uid and gid instead of your name in the ls output, check that it matches what’s in /etc/passwd (you didn’t edit /etc/passwd though, it should be fine), and then see if you can ‘cd’ after boot but not on login somehow.

            Anyway I think your best bet would be to find someone nearby who could try and figure it out in person, if at all possible. Maybe ask around at the local computer shop, if there is one? Eh well, sorry I couldn’t be of more help.