There are many studies showing that night shift workers experience more mental and physical health issues than day shift workers. Obviously, some things absolutely require night shifts, such as hospitals, but not stores and restaurants. Convenient, sure, but not necessary. So in a socialist country that prioritizes the well-being of workers, do you think these non-critical 24-hour establishments would exist?
Some sources on the health effects of night shifts: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
I guess worker cooperatives might reveal insight into whether workers actually want to do night shifts, and I have never heard of a co-op business that operates 24-hour. Granted, co-ops are already fairly rare compared to bourgeois owned businesses, and 24-hour operation is also a niche, so I don’t know how accurate looking at them would be.
From experience, most supermarkets require night shift workers even if closed, to restack the shelves. Ergo, robotisation may be the only ethical option here.
either that, or the return to smaller stores