Most people are aware that gasoline sucks as a fuel and is responsible for a large portion of carbon emissions, but defenders love to trot out that “if every end consumer gave up their car, it would only remove like 10% of carbon emissions”
I can find tons of literature about the impact gasoline vehicles have, but is there any broader studies that consider other factors—like manufacture, maintenance, and city planning—while exploring the environmental and/or economic impact of cars and car culture?
I know there’s great sources that have made these critiques, but I’m looking for scientific papers that present all the data in a single holistic analysis
Road noise - https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-021-00720-3
Brake dust - https://theconversation.com/air-pollution-from-brake-dust-may-be-as-harmful-as-diesel-exhaust-on-immune-cells-new-study-129594