Most people are aware that gasoline sucks as a fuel and is responsible for a large portion of carbon emissions, but defenders love to trot out that “if every end consumer gave up their car, it would only remove like 10% of carbon emissions”
I can find tons of literature about the impact gasoline vehicles have, but is there any broader studies that consider other factors—like manufacture, maintenance, and city planning—while exploring the environmental and/or economic impact of cars and car culture?
I know there’s great sources that have made these critiques, but I’m looking for scientific papers that present all the data in a single holistic analysis
I don’t know if there’s any gasoline car vs electric studies, but there’s been some research into, for example, carbon footprint of oil drilling vs lithium mining. Here’s one of the articles that has a bunch of sources sited:
https://8billiontrees.com/carbon-offsets-credits/carbon-footprint-of-lithium-ion-battery-production/#:~:text=Lithium mining does have an,GHG emissions during their use.