I’m not so concerned about the carbon footprint of battery manufacturing as I am with the broader externalities associated with the battery lifecycle. This article is a few years old, but it provides a relevant, sobering assessment of the problem. Hydrogen powered vehicles make sense now because they avoid that problem. They’re also a better choice for anyone whose driving needs would outpace overnight charging of a BEV at home (or anyone with a living situation that precludes it). The current policy of exclusively transitioning the fleet to BEVs is at best a kludge for bad energy policy.