Hi! Question in the title.
I get that its super easy to setup. But its really worthwhile to have something that:
- runs everything as root (not many well built images with proper useranagement it seems)
- you cannot really know which stuff is in the images: you must trust who built it
- lots of mess in the system (mounts, fake networks, rules…)
I always host on bare metal when I can, but sometimes (immich, I look at you!) Seems almost impossible.
I get docker in a work environment, but on self hosted? Is it really worth while? I would like to hear your opinions fellow hosters.
- Podman solves the root issue
- you can inspect the stuff. You don’t have to, but it helps if you’re not paranoid with popular and widespread images
- I have no mess
It’s great that you do install things on bare metal, I did that in the beginning until I discovered docker and I will never go back. Docker/ podman compose is just so good
you can inspect the stuff. You don’t have to, but it helps if you’re not paranoid with popular and widespread images
Dive is a great tool for inspecting docker images. I wish I found it sooner.
Thank you for posting this, hadn’t heard of it before.
Out of curiosity, what reverse proxy docker do you use that can run rootless in podman? My main issue, and feel free to correct me if I am wrong, is that most of them require root. And then its not possible to easily connect those containers into the same network as your rootless containers so then your other containers have to be root anyways. I don’t really want my other containers to be host accessible, I want them to be only accessible from within the podman network that the reverse proxy has access to.
And then there’s issues where you have to enable lingering processes for normal users and also let it access ports < 1024, makes using docker-compose a pain, etc. I haven’t really found a good solution for rootless, but I really want to eventually move that way.
Tbo, I’ve got a pi that runs only the reverse proxy and it works and I don’t touch it until it breaks. It’s still docker. nginx proxy manager
Do you have a preferred resource? I’m setting up my NAS and starting to prepare for setting up containers. In the meantime it’s just static storage until I get comfortable
No, just general documentation and arch wiki
Need to study podman probably, stuff running as root is my main dislike.
Probably if in only used docker images created by me I would be less concerned of losing track of what I am really deploying, but this would deflect the main advantage of easy deploy?
Portability is a point I didn’t considered too… But rebuilding a bare metal server properly compatimentized took me a few hours only, so is that really so important?
You can run docker rootless https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless/ but you have to switch to podman some day anyway, althiugh that might be in a far away future.
If you are concerned about root you may be concerned about the docker port dilemma as well, podman solves that as well
but you have to switch to podman some day anyway
Can you elaborate on this?
Unfortunately I do not have a source but to me it was like podman would replace docker as the container technology since red hat focuses on podman and not docker anymore and kubernetes doesn’t support docker anymore. Transitioning obviously takes ages because of companies being very slow.
I hope you’re wrong… With RH’s recent choices in regard of FOSS… I really hope podman won’t replace docker. Specially in the self-hosted/FOSS community !
What’s wrong with podman?
It’s still many many years away. Just think about there being still fortran or assembly code
Probably nothing, I have never tried it… but docker compose feels so comfortable right now and relearn everything… uuhhg !
But rebuilding a bare metal server properly compatimentized took me a few hours only, so is that really so important?
Depends on how much you value your time.
Compare a few hours on bare metal to a few minutes with containers. Then consider that you also spend extra time on bare metal cleaning up messes. Containers don’t make a mess in the first place.
It doesn’t really matter if there are truly open-source and open ecosystems of containerization technologies because in the end people/companies will pick the proprietary / closed option just because “it’s easier to use” or some other specific thing that will be good on the short term and very bad on the long term. This happened with CentOS vs Debian is currently unfolding with Docker vs LXC/RKT/Podman and will happen with Ubuntu vs Debian for all those who moved from CentOS to Ubuntu.
It cuts both ways. Less commercial interest means only hobby level development (which can be high quality, but is typically slow and unpolished for users).
So you can spend your energy on making up the gap between the ease of use of the commercially supported software and the pure volunteer projects or you can have free time for things you’re more interested in and jump ship when they squeeze too hard for cash.
Less commercial interest means only hobby level development
Podman is developed by RedHat: https://github.com/containers/podman/graphs/contributors
Podman supports Docker images and makes things easier for users in doing so.
What’s the issue with podman?
In my personal experience, it’s just not as fully featured.
What is it missing that all the benefits wouldn’t make up?
Lots of docker guides + documentation just don’t work, specifically with podman-compose. The networking options are not fully featured, I ended up having to rig up a bunch of kubernetes services just to be able to use my VPN as a network bridge for my media server stack. I got podman working eventually because I think it’s neat, but it definitely would have been twice as easy to just use docker.
Yes, podman documentation is still sparse at the moment
I mean, “it’s easier to use” is a pretty good quality to have. People tend to pick the most user-friendly and time-saving solution, should we really be surprised? On the contrary, I think FOSS should strive to be easier to use.
I mean, “it’s easier to use” is a pretty good quality to have. People tend to pick the most user-friendly and time-saving solution
And they don’t consider anything else and they they get themselves into CentOS situations. Or large monopolies like what Microsoft has over Office.
I think FOSS should strive to be easier to use.
Yes so do I.
And they don’t consider anything else and they they get themselves into CentOS situations. Or large monopolies like what Microsoft has over Office.
But so what? The kind of people who do this were not going to be grand contributors to FOSS anyway. They’re just consumers, not makers, and they consume the products that make the most sense to them.
Also, let’s not lay everything solely on consumer stupidity. Microsoft spends a crapton of money lobbying governments, administrations, universities, schools and so on around the world to maintain their monopoly. Corruption at all levels of society is a big factor.
people are rebuffing the criticism already.
heres the main advantage imo:
no messy system or leftovers. some programs use directories all over the place and it gets annoying fast if you host many services. sometimes you will have some issue that requires you to do quite a bit of hunting and redoing things.
docker makes this painless. you can deploy and redeploy stuff easily and quickly, without a mess. updates are painless and quick too, with everything neatly self-contained.
much easier to maintain once you get the hang of things.
Quick addition, I think for the messy argument the way I would articulate it for folks running servers is it helps you move from pets to cattle.
Life is too short to install everything on baremetal.
For real, at the minimum use a virtual machine.
Use lxc/lxd to get all of the performance benefits of docker and all the freedom of a vm
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About the root problem, as of now new installs are trying to let the user to run everything as a limited user. And the program is ran as root inside the container so in order to escape from it the attacker would need a double zero day exploit (one for doing rce in the container, one to escape the container)
The alternative to “don’t really know what’s in the image” usually is: “just download this Easy minified and incomprehensible trustmeimtotallynotavirus.sh script and run it as root”. Requires much more trust than a container that you can delete with no traces in literally seconds
If the program that you want to run requires python modules or node modules then it will make much more mess on the system than a container.
Downgrading to a previous version (or a beta preview) of the app you’re running due to bugs it’s trivial, you just change a tag and launch it again. Doing this on bare metal requires to be a terminal guru
Finally, migrating to a new fresh server is just
docker compose down, then rsync to new server, and thendocker compose up -d. And not praying to ten different gods because after three years you forgot how did you install the app in bare metal like that.Docker is perfect for common people like us self hosting at home, the professionals at work use kubernetes
the program is run* as root
Imo, yes.
- only run containers from trusted sources (btw. google, ms, apple have proven they cant be trusted either)
- run apps without dependency hell
- even if someone breaks in, they’re not in your system but in a container
- have everything web facing separate from the rest
- get per app resource statistics
Those are just what was in my head. Probably more to be said.
Also the ability to snapshot an image, goof around with changes, and if you don’t like them restore the snapshot makes it much easier to experiment than trying to unwind all the changes you make.
I havent actually tried that. Might need to check it out. :)
- Even if someone breaks in, they are not a user, but root 🤝
*in that container, not in the system
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1 is just not true sorry. There’s loads of stuff that only work as root and people use them.
Docker is a messy and not ideal but it was born out of a necessity, getting multiple services to coexist together outside of a container can be a nightmare, updating and moving configuration is a nightmare and removing things can leave stuff behind which gets messier and messier over time. Docker just standardises most of the configuration whilst requiring minimal effort from the developer
I find it makes my life easier, personally, because I can set up and tear down environments I’m playing with easily.
As for your user & permissions concern, are you aware that docker these days can be configured to map “root” in the container to a different user? Personally I prefer to use podman though, which doesn’t have that problem to begin with
I find it makes my life easier, personally, because I can set up and tear down environments I’m playing with easily.
Same here. I self-host a bunch of dev tools for my personal toy projects, and I decided to migrate from Drone CI to Woodpecker CI this week. Didn’t have to worry about uninstalling anything, learning what commands I need to start/stop/restart Woodpecker properly, etc. I just commented-out my Drone CI/Runner services from my docker-compose file, added the Woodpecker stuff, pointed it to my Gitea variables and ran
docker compose up -d.If my server ever crashes, I can just copy it over and start from scratch.
I really need to get into Woodpecker.
Others have addressed the root and trust questions, so I thought I’d mention the “mess” question:
Even the messiest bowl of ravioli is easier to untangle than a bowl of spaghetti.
The mounts/networks/rules and such aren’t “mess”, they are isolation. They’re commoditization. They’re abstraction - Ways to tell whatever is running in the container what it wants to hear, so that you can treat the container as a “black box” that solves the problem you want solved.
Think of Docker containers less like pets and more like cattle, and it very quickly justifies a lot of that stuff because it makes the container disposable, even if the data it’s handling isn’t.
I ended up using Docker to set up pict-rs and y’all are making me happy I did
Because if you use relative bind mounts you can move a whole docker compose set of contaibera to a new host with docker compose stop then rsync it over then docker compose up -d.
Portability and backup are dead simple.
Docker can be run rootless. Podman is rootless by default.
I build certain containers from scratch. Very popular FOSS software can be trusted, but if you’re as paranoid, you should probably run the bare-minimum software in the first-place.
It’s a mess if you’re not used to it. But yes, normal unix networking is somewhat simpler (like someone mentioned, LXC containers can be a decent idea). Well, you’ll realise that Docker is not really top-dog in terms of complexity when you start playing with the big boys like full-fledged k8s
To answer each question:
- You can run rootless containers but, importantly, you don’t need to run Docker as root. Should the unthinkable happen, and someone “breaks out” of docker jail, they’ll only be running in the context of the user running the docker daemon on the physical host.
- True but, in my experience, most docker images are open source and have git repos - you can freely download the repo, inspect the build files, and build your own. I do this for some images I feel I want 100% control of, and have my own local Docker repo server to hold them.
- It’s the opposite - you don’t really need to care about docker networks, unless you have an explicit need to contain a given container’s traffic to it’s own local net, and bind mounts are just maps to physical folders/files on the host system, with the added benefit of mounting read-only where required.
I run containers on top of containers - Proxmox cluster, with a Linux container (CT) for each service. Most of those CTs are simply a Debian image I’ve created, running Docker and a couple of other bits. The services then sit inside Docker (usually) on each CT.
It’s not messy at all. I use Portainer to manage all my Docker services, and Proxmox to manage the hosts themselves.
Why? I like to play.
Proxmox gives me full separation of each service - each one has its own CT. Think of that as me running dozens of Raspberry Pis, without the headache of managing all that hardware. Docker gives me complete portability and recoverability. I can move services around quite easily, and can update/rollback with ease.
Finally, the combination of the two gives me a huge advantage over bare metal for rapid prototyping.
Let’s say there’s a new contender that competes with Immich. I have Immich hosted on a CT, using Docker, and hiding behind Nginx Proxy Manager (also on a CT).
I can spin up a Proxmox CT from my own template, use my Ansible playbook to provision Docker and all the other bits, load it in my Portainer management platform, and spin up the latest and greatest Immich competitor, all within mere minutes. Like, literally 10 minutes max.
I have a play with the competitor for a bit. If I don’t like it, I just delete the CT and move on. If I do, I can point my
photos...hostname (via Nginx Proxy Manager) to the new service and start using it full-time. Importantly, I can still keep my original Immich CT in place - maybe shutdown, maybe not - just in case I discover something I don’t like about the new kid on the block.Should the unthinkable happen, and someone “breaks out” of docker jail, they’ll only be running in the context of the user running the docker daemon on the physical host.
There is no daemon in rootless mode. Instead of a daemon running containers in client/server mode you have regular user processes running containers using fork/exec. Not running as root is part and parcel of this approach and it’s a good thing, but the main motivator was not “what if someone breaks out of the container” (which doesn’t necessarily mean they’d get all the privileges of the running user on the host and anyway it would require a kernel exploit, which is a pretty tall order). There are many benefits to making running containers as easy as running any kind of process on a Linux host. And it also enabled some cool new features like the ability to run only partial layers of a container, or nested containers.
Yep, all true. I was oversimplifying in my explanation, but you’re right. There’s a lot more to it than what I wrote - I was more relating docker to what we used to do with chroot jails.
Portability is the key for me, because I tend to switch things around a lot. Containers generally isolate the persistent data from the runtime really well.
Docker is not the only, or even the best way IMO to run containers. If I was providing services for customers, I would definetly build most container images daily in some automated way. Well, I do it already for quite a few.
The mess is only a mess if you don’t really understand what you’re doing, same goes for traditional services.
- I don’t run any of my containers as root
- Dockerfiles aren’t hard to read so you can pretty easily figure out what they’re doing
- I find managing dependencies for non-containerized services to be worse than one messy
dockerdirectory I never look at
Plus having all my services in a couple docker-compose files also means I can move them around incredibly easily.
the biggest selling point for me is that I’ll have a mounted folder or two, a shell script for creating the container, and then if I want to move the service to a new computer I just move these files/folders and run the script. it’s awesome. the initial setup is also a lot easier because all dependencies and stuff are bundled with the app.
in short, it’s basically the exe-file of the server world
runs everything as root (not many well built images with proper useranagement it seems)
that’s true I guess, but for the most part shit’s stuck inside the container anyway so how much does it really matter?
you cannot really know which stuff is in the images: you must trust who built it
you kinda can, reading a Dockerfile is pretty much like reading a very basic shell script for the most part. regardless, I do trust most creators of images I use. most of the images I have running are either created by the people who made the app, or official docker images. if I trust them enough to run their apps, why wouldn’t I trust their images?
lots of mess in the system (mounts, fake networks, rules…)
that’s sort of the point, isn’t it? stuff is isolated
