The study assessed 14,542 women and ~7 years later found a significant association with decreased cognitive test scores. Add this to the growing list of reasons antibiotics should only be implemented as a last resort. More research is required to determine the direct causation but its believed the known connection between the brain and gut microbiota is related to these findings.
Absolutes in science are rare, even more so when complexity is added. But producing significant results aligning with related studies makes it appear quite interesting. A large sample size over a long time, diffcult to replicate and harder to disprove. Will be interesting how it all plays out if they are able to isolte antibiotics as the only variable.