Zig vs Rust. Which one is going to be future?

I think about pros and cons and what to choose for the second (modern) language in addition to C.

@programming@programming.dev

  • dudinax@programming.dev
    3·
    3 months ago

    Here’s some of my personal complaints. I don’t in general know how to fix them.

    1. proc_macros need their own crate

    2. generics cause problems. Many useful macros can’t handle them. Try using a generic that’s a complex async function, then pass a closure to it.

    3. There’s this kind of weird mismatch where sometimes you want an enum wrapping various types, and in others generics. I find my data flows switching back and forth.

    4. async in rust is actually really good, but go does it better. I don’t think rust could match go without becoming a different language.

    5. Traits are just a big mess. Trait implementations with generics have to be mutually exclusive, but there aren’t any good tools to make them so. The orphaned trait rule is necessary to keep the language sane but is incredibly restricting. Just today I find certain a attribute macros for impls that doesn’t work on trait impls. I guess I have to write wrappers for every trait method.

    6. The “new type” pattern. Ugh. Just make something like a type alias that creates a distinct type. This one’s probably easy to fix.

    7. Cargo is truly great, but it’s a mystery to me right now how I’m going to get it to work with certain packaging systems.

    To me, Rust is a bunch of great pieces that don’t fit together well.

    • Ephera
      5·
      3 months ago
      1. Cargo is truly great, but it’s a mystery to me right now how I’m going to get it to work with certain packaging systems.

      Yeah, Cargo itself doesn’t deal with any of the bundling after the executable is built.

      For that stuff, the efforts are certainly still ongoing. There’s no grand unified tool yet.

      If you just want e.g. a DEB file, then you probably want this: https://crates.io/crates/cargo-deb

      But if you want to do more in CI, then there’s kind of three popular options that I’m aware of.

      • just: More or less a shell script runner, and kind of like make.
      • cargo-make: A lot of effort has been put into this, it’s certainly got a good amount of features, but personally not a fan, since it makes you write a custom TOML format and then ideally you should be writing a custom script language, DuckScript. You can also use Rust scripts with it, which we tried, but there was just no way of passing parameters between tasks.
      • cargo-xtask: This is not a tool, it’s a pattern, basically just build your own build tool. It does have its downfalls, you’re not going to build good caching into your own build tool, for example. But in principle I find this quite workable, as you get to write your CI code in Rust. There’s also more and more community-made libraries to aid with that.
      • arendjr@programming.dev
        2·
        3 months ago

        Great suggestions! One nitpick:

        But in principle I find this quite workable, as you get to write your CI code in Rust.

        Having used xtask in the past, I’d say this is a downside. CI code is tedious enough to debug as it is, and slowing down the cycle by adding Rust compilation into the mix was a horrible experience. To add, CI is a unique environment where Rust’s focus on correctness isn’t very valuable, since it’s an isolated, project-specific environment anyway.

        I’d rather use Deno or indeed just for that.

    • lad@programming.devEnglish
      2·
      3 months ago

      Rust is a bunch of great pieces that don’t fit together well.

      That might change over time.