• superkret@feddit.org
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    5 months ago

    You can easily tell them apart by cutting them with a knife: The false brown cap will show a stronger blue discoloration under ultraviolet light if the soil contains manganese at >20% bioavailable water content, and the temperature didn’t drop below 12 degrees Celsius in the past month.

  • wildncrazyguy138@fedia.io
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    5 months ago

    A general rule is if it has pores instead of gills, you’re probably in the clear.

    Except for that one in Europe, that shit will megadeath you.

    In all seriousness, the general rule I’ve heard for foraging wild unknown things is:

    • cut it open and rub it on your skin, wait an hour, if it gives you a reaction, stop here.
    • touch it to your lips, wait a while, if it gives you a reaction, stop here
    • touch it to your tongue, wait a while, if it gives you a reaction, stop here
    • chew a bit and spit it out, wait a while, if it gives you a reaction, stop here
    • swallow a small amount, wait a few hours, if it gives you discomfort, stop here
    • if you’ve made it this far, it’s likely ok, do so at your own risk tolerance

    Roots are generally OK, particularly if you have access to double boil them.

    For mushrooms:

    • pores are generally safer than gills
    • don’t eat it if it’s bioluminescent
    • don’t eat if it oxidizes quickly when you cut it open
    • don’t eat it if it bruises blue or red
    • learn how to detect what a bolete is. Boletes are generally safe, unless it breaks one of the rules above
    • Slime: Just say no.
    • make sure there’s not a mushroom growing on your mushroom. Double the mushroom is not double the fun.
    • learn what a destroying angel looks like, even when it’s young. Appreciate it from a distance, but give that fucker 5 feet of space at all times.

    I am by no means an expert. I’m just a rando guy from Appalachia with some wild ass Russian buds and we do some funky shit down here. Take everything I say with as much trust as you give to anyone on the Internet.

    When in doubt, take it to an expert and even then, consume at your own risk tolerance.

    • Obi@sopuli.xyz
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      5 months ago

      That’s interesting, my general rule for foraging wild unknown things is: don’t.

    • _stranger_@lemmy.world
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      5 months ago

      There was a guy a few years ago who tried to live off grid. He died, having left behind a journal detailing his final days. In it, he logged the exact process you outlined above for various things he foraged, which included wild potato seeds. Turns out those things pass all the above tests, but contain a deadly neurotoxin that builds up over time (that even modern science didn’t really know about). Poor guy starved because he was too weak to even crawl.

      nature be scary fellow humans. Be careful out there.

      https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/13/4726722/into-the-wild-author-reveals-chris-mccandless-cause-of-death

      • Zron@lemmy.world
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        5 months ago

        He also wandered into the Alaskan wilderness with basically just a sack of rice and a .22lr rifle.

        He was a a couple miles from safety the entire time, but did not buy a map so believed he was stranded when the river rose and cut off the main trail. But there was another trail with a raised cable crossing over the river a few miles upstream.

        He was totally unprepared and essentially just committed extended suicide. The fact that he remembered some basic tips from a Boy Scout handbook doesn’t mean he was an expert. Kid was an idiot who got in way over his head.

      • hardy
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        5 months ago

        That some guy ISNT JUST ANY GUY! 😤

        • Documentaries were made about him
        • A very successful movie was made about him “Into the wild”
        • Countless Youtubers keep making videos about him; Thoughty2 made a very good video about him…
        • _stranger_@lemmy.world
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          5 months ago

          The point of my comment was to highlight that even if you follow all the good advice, there’s still a chance you discover some new things that will kill you.

          • hardy
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            5 months ago

            Cool… I also forgot to mention all the books written about him… 😅

            • reinei@lemmy.world
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              5 months ago

              Eh, it’s sort of a tradition at this point. You just win some and lose some (and as is quite obvious the outliers of both categories are really out there!

    • Shard@lemmy.world
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      5 months ago

      For mushrooms the only good advice is, if you don’t know what you are doing, don’t go foraging for mushrooms. Rules and guidelines that apply for one region might not work for another. The risk reward never works out if you’re inexperienced. You either get a tasty treat or incurable certain death. It’s not a great gamble.

        • Shard@lemmy.world
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          5 months ago

          If you’re even half competent, you could (not recommended) actually do some basic electrical work at home and come out of it alive and well after a few youtube videos and some reasonable precautions. I can’t same the same about mushroom foraging.

      • psud@aussie.zone
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        5 months ago

        The people who die from death cap mushrooms here (Canberra, Australia) all learnt about mushrooms in another country, where death caps don’t grow, but an edible mushroom that looks just like them does

    • Dasus@lemmy.world
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      5 months ago

      Here’s a general rule for foraging mushrooms; don’t use “general rules”.

      Also; “don’t eat it if it bruises blue”, you’ll miss out on all the fun ones with this advice.

      • Cordyceps @sopuli.xyz
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        5 months ago

        Yeah, atleast here in northern part of europe we have multiple shrooms that bruise blue and are still edible. I recomend getting a mushroom foraging guide book of your area, and first getting familiar with all the ones that can seriously hurt you.

        • allcretansareliars
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          5 months ago

          Books pah! We didn’t take books the last time I went mushroom foraging! Books are for cowards! We took a senior fellow from the University of London who specialised in mycology, instead.

      • shneancy@lemmy.world
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        5 months ago

        the blue ones can be the funnest ones

        though perhaps not when you’re wildly unprepared for the things they will show you (and also, though I have yet to try them myself, probably not the best for dinner since everyone says they taste like shit)

    • sorrybookbroke@sh.itjust.works
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      5 months ago

      don’t eat it if it bruises blue

      Or do if you’re up for an interesting time and it passes the test above. Eat about three grams for some nice sights and 6 before sitting in a dark, cool room to meet something unknown

      • xantoxis@lemmy.world
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        5 months ago

        If it bruises blue, cut off a very thin slice from the center of the stalk and put it on agar until it creates mycellium. There’s some other stuff you need after that which I’ll be happy to help you with.

      • ryannathans@aussie.zone
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        5 months ago

        I don’t think there are any harmful mushrooms that bruise blue but would love for an expert to chime in here

        • Krauerking@lemy.lol
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          5 months ago

          I dunno my roommate was weeping about the shadows coming for him and said he couldn’t leave the bed for days and didn’t know why we hadn’t heard the screaming… So, like, a little harmful.

    • snooggums@midwest.social
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      5 months ago

      I am by no means an expert. I’m just a rando guy from Appalachia with some wild ass Russian buds and we do some funky shit down here. Take everything I say with as much trust as you give to anyone on the Internet.

      Best disclaimer ever.

    • LiveLM@lemmy.zip
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      5 months ago

      you’re probably in the clear. Except for that one

      Looks like the meme is accurate

    • Whelks_chance@lemmy.world
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      5 months ago

      Pretty sure those general rules are given to the SAS for when dropped behind enemy lines in a jungle setting. I think I heard it from a Ray Mears book.

    • fossilesque@mander.xyzOPM
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      5 months ago

      Interesting, but nature is a kaleidoscope and evolution isn’t linear. Mushroom rules like this tend to be super regional and even then, take it with a grain of salt.

    • flora_explora@beehaw.org
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      5 months ago

      The mushrooms from the bolete family here in Germany often stain blue (or some other color) when bruised but most are very good mushrooms for eating. For example, Imleria badia, Neoboletus erythropus and Suillus grevillei. The last one is even slimy but you can just remove the cap. (There is also this really tasty gill-having mushroom Lactarius deliciosus that stains green). Also, Armillaria can do bioluminescence but are also edible! I agree with checking for fungi infections of mushrooms and to learn to ID the deadly poisonous Amanita species (funnily enough, there are some really good edible ones in the same genus!).

      Your guide to carefully test foraged organisms is definitely helpful. However, when foraging mushrooms you have to keep in mind some additional things. Many, if not most mushrooms are really toxic when eaten raw! People frequently get poisoned while eating edible mushrooms that are not cooked enough. They apparently often contain hemolysins. Also, there are a few tasty mushrooms that can be toxic if eaten in combination with alcohol. If you go foraging mushrooms, better try to learn some groups, how to distinguish them and what are their characteristics than trying to test by your body’s reaction. But yeah, if you were to be without any food in the wild maybe it helps to know how to test for edibility.

    • deus@lemmy.world
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      5 months ago

      Roots might be safe if you can double boil them??? Jesus christ, I guess I’m never touching wild mushrooms ever.

    • nucleative@lemmy.world
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      5 months ago

      No clue if you have any idea what you’re talking about but appreciate the Information dump. If I’m ever near death from hunger but surrounded by forest floor growths I’ll try to remember this.

    • MonkderVierte
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      5 months ago

      Except for that one in Europe

      Joke, but poisonous mushrooms here are either quite distinct (lol Dickfuss) or give you a mild stomache ache. Well, except the section with mushrooms that look like a poisonous variant but aren’t.

    • psud@aussie.zone
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      5 months ago

      All that to find whether a random plant will poison you

      Animals are so much easier: is it an animal? It’s good to eat

        • psud@aussie.zone
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          5 months ago

          Sure. Go for healthy animals. There are also several nasty viruses that have passed from animals to the humans who ate them. But shit happens. Given a random plant or a random animal, I’ll take the animal

  • Stalinwolf@lemmy.ca
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    5 months ago

    I remember going on a nature walk in Middle School, and our primary stoner/everyone’s future dealer (we’ll call him Nate because that was his name) picked and ate a random mushroom for the lols. I remember spending the entirety of that walk worrying about Nate’s next couple of days. But as you likely pieced together, he was fine, and lived to become everyone’s future dealer.

    EDIT: For anyone wondering, it was one of those small, skinny, kind of spindly looking mushrooms. Almost like psilocybin but with a flatter cap.

  • souless@lemmy.world
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    5 months ago

    Some of the good tasting butterfiles evolved to taste foul to increase their chance of survival. Mushrooms on the other hand have mastered the art of deception. What can heal the brain can also force you to die a painful death.

    • HonkyTonkWoman@lemm.ee
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      5 months ago

      Huh, that’s really interesting about the butterflies. Do you know if that’s how Pipevines & Viceroys developed their poison?

      I didn’t know there were poisonous butterflies until I read about Pipevines coating their clutches with poison for protection.

      I found out about mushrooms the fun way.

        • HonkyTonkWoman@lemm.ee
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          5 months ago

          Well, that’s awesome. I hope to photograph a Viceroy one day, but I don’t think I’m in their current habitat.

          I baby sat for a kid whose mom was a herpetologist. She showed me the line on the Viceroy’s wings, differentiating it from a Monarch, and taught me it was poisonous to predators.

          Then she stuck a snapping turtle in my face, scarring me for life. She was pretty damn awesome.

      • souless@lemmy.world
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        5 months ago

        Yes, evolution is a reaction in response to stimuli and dangers present in their environment. Another example this time provided by Darwin is the case with peppered moths. The majority were white colored as they found protection being blended in to the light colored environment.

        The industrial revolution introduced pollution that changed the color of nature, in response the black colored moths quickly gained the majority because they blended in better so they had a greater chance to survive, years later once the pollution improved the white moths once again thrived because of the incredibly complex quick acting process of natures natural selection.

        • HonkyTonkWoman@lemm.ee
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          5 months ago

          Ah, very cool! Thanks! I remember the Pepper Moths lesson from bio, but guess I just never considered that butterflies may have evolved into poison production for protection.

          Appreciate the info!

          • punkfungus@sh.itjust.works
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            5 months ago

            Fun fact about mushroom toxicity by contrast. Because the mushroom is only the reproductive organ of the organism, and you’re basically doing it a favour by picking it and spreading its spores everywhere, theres no evolutionary pressure for it to evolve toxicity to humans. So the compounds in mushrooms that are toxic to us likely exist for other purposes, and are only toxic to us by coincidence.

            For this reason the proportion of species of mushrooms that are safe vs. the number that are toxic is greater than with plants. Because plants have had selective pressure to evolve poisons that discourage or prevent herbivory. So if you walk into an unfamiliar forest and pick one plant and one mushroom to eat at random, it’s more likely the plant is the bigger danger.

            Of course I absolutely do not condone eating plants or fungi at random unless you intend to have a painful death.

    • Faresh
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      5 months ago

      Yeah, the mushroom guides I use in the pages for the edible mushrooms normally alert to dangerous mushrooms that may be mistaken for that mushroom and outlines the differences.

    • Tar_Alcaran@sh.itjust.works
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      5 months ago

      Or live in Europe. Seriously, it’s so much harder here, except for 3 or 4 really obvious but not that great tasting ones .

      • RidderSport@feddit.org
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        5 months ago

        I live in Europe. Just go by the rule of thumb, if you’re unsure, do not eat. Does it have a porous underside, if yes, most of the times edible. Does it have lamelles, if yes, be careful. Apart from the very dangerous ones, that you should know. If you’re a bit knowledgeable, take a pinch and put it in your tongue, if it’s spicy or stinging, it’s not edible. Is it neutral, it’s likely to be edible. If you go by that order you should be fine. Never forget number 1 though.

        • kattfisk@lemmy.dbzer0.com
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          5 months ago

          Don’t go by any general rules. If you are unsure, take it home and sit down with your mushroom guide book and go through all the ways of identifying it and separating it from similar species until you are sure, or you give up and throw it away.

          Just off the cuff here are a couple of examples that violate the advice given above, golden chanterelle is very spicy but perfectly edible; gyromitra esculenta (“false morel”) does not have lamelles, is supposed to be mildly flavoured, but is deadly toxic.

          • RidderSport@feddit.org
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            5 months ago

            Yes but a morel does not have a porous underside, hence I’d be careful anyway. As for chanterelles, I feel like you don’t really have much room to mistake it for something else. However it’s been sometime since I went into the woods and I’ve always disliked the English naming for mushrooms and basically don’t know any in English

          • Mirshe@lemmy.world
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            5 months ago

            And at the end of the day, if you have separated it but you’re STILL not sure, throw it out. Not having mushrooms is preferable to being a corpse.

  • Nicoleism101@lemm.ee
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    5 months ago

    Never had a problem in middle temperate Europe or heard about anyone who had.

    I even pick up these fuckers https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrolepiota_procera though many avoid them because of relative similarities to https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita_phalloides.

    It is delicious and like the best nature has to offer here. You coat it in breadcrumbs and cook in oil on a pan. It tastes better than any steak. However it is a pain in the ass to find and a real treasure.

      • Nicoleism101@lemm.ee
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        5 months ago

        Honestly even if I happened to eat a mildly poisonous shroom (which never happened) it would be fine for me personally. There is huge amount of edible mushrooms but we stick to few select safe ones that are hard to mistake.

        I have done much worse things to my body with drugs and alcohol poisoning every other day. One instance of light poisoning per year or something like that would be like nothing. Not that it ever happened because I stick to the rules my parents teached me and their parents teached them and so on.

        I had food poisoning more times (above zero) than mushroom poisoning.

        I wouldn’t dare to pick mushrooms abroad. I wonder if climate change will fuck us one day though.

    • lemming@sh.itjust.works
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      5 months ago

      Not so much Amanita phalloides as Amanita pantherina, that one looks much more similar. But I agree, if you know what you’re doing and don’t pick mushrooms with which you don’t have experience with and aren’t sure about, you’re good.

      I used to pick up even Amanita rubescens, an acual (although edible and tasty) Amanita, so even more similar to poisonous ones. But I didn’t have an opportunity for quite a few years and now I wouldn’t dare, until I got an opportunity to verify with someone experienced and trustworthy.

      • MeThisGuy@feddit.nl
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        5 months ago

        what’s the picker’s rule?
        lick it, wait 15 mins, take a nibble, wait 15 mins, then eat it
        or just give it to your friend and see what happens

        • psud@aussie.zone
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          5 months ago

          Know exactly what it is. Follow the identifying steps in a book about mushrooms in your area until you have learnt which mushrooms live in your locale and can pick them by sight

  • Dr. Moose@lemmy.world
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    5 months ago

    FYI you can actually safely lick all mushrooms that we know off. The bad ones will taste bitter if there’s every a confusion between the species. Though if you’re really unsure don’t risk it.

    • tegs_terry@feddit.uk
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      5 months ago

      I think there are surprisingly few poisonous ones out there, and fewer that could actually kill somebody.

      • smb
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        5 months ago

        at least no one ever returning from a forest said a mushroom had killed him.

  • CaptainSpaceman@lemmy.world
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    5 months ago

    Idk if op meant to fearmonger, but mushrooms are hardly ever toxic and hardly ever fatal.

    It is now thought that of the approximately 100,000 known fungi species found worldwide, about 100 of them are poisonous to humans.[14] However, by far the majority of mushroom poisonings are not fatal,[15] and the majority of fatal poisonings are attributable to the Amanita phalloides mushroom

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_poisoning

    That said, definitely be safe and if you arent sure, dont eat it.

    • Whelks_chance@lemmy.world
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      I’m less interested in the total number of species, and more interested in my likelihood of holding one

    • lemming@sh.itjust.works
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      That didn’t sound right, my experience that depending on luck and season, somewhere between 50 and 90 % of big mushrooms I come across in a forest are poisonous or at least disgusting. I admit it’s a very wild estimate and I’m very far from knowing all the mushroom I come across, but still, that seems like a big contradiction. So I followed your link to the primary article.

      I suspected that they might only count potentially lethal mushrooms, but no, it indeed seems they count even those that only make you nauseous. The problem is in the other number. The 100 000 means all funghi, it includes for example all yeasts. Most funghi don’t create mushrooms that anyone would consider picking. So the ratio you calculated below is WAY off.

      I would also like to note that the number 100 seems to come from a very simple PubMed search. Basically, if nobody wrote a paper about someone being sick after eating a mushroom, they wouldn’t find it. I don’t think that would mean that many foraged mushrooms would be missed, but it is a limitation worth knowing about.

      • psud@aussie.zone
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        5 months ago

        That seems unlikely to be murder, people really don’t generally murder friends who are close enough to invite to lunch

        • dustycups@aussie.zone
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          5 months ago

          She’s in jail right now.

          I don’t think there has been a verdict yet though.

          Edit: she’s

  • Raiderkev@lemmy.world
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    5 months ago

    My friend forages for porcini mushrooms out near Tahoe. I thankfully don’t like mushrooms, so he’s not offended when I decline, but idgaf how good he is at finding them, it only takes 1 fuckup and you’re dead. He says there’s no mushrooms that look like it and as long as you only look for that one, you’ll be fine. Frankly imo mushrooms are nasty as hell even when you get the kind you know won’t kill you at the store. I have no desire to risk my life to eat wild fungus.