Like fossil fuels come from organic matter that grew because of the sun. Is there any form of energy on that cannot be traced back to the sun in some way?
Like fossil fuels come from organic matter that grew because of the sun. Is there any form of energy on that cannot be traced back to the sun in some way?
If it doesn’t have to be energy that’s used as such, there’s more answers.
Neutrinos stream through us each moment at a flux pretty similar to sunlight. Day and night; they sail right through the Earth for the most part. Most of it is from the sun’s core (directly), but some of it is from distant cosmic monsters like supernovae and jets whipping around black holes, and some of it escapes from nuclear reactions on Earth, in particle accelerators and nuclear generators or from decays in nature.
Gravitational waves from distant black hole mergers have been detected on Earth, and they do carry energy.
Meteors hit the Earth, and sometimes they carry enough energy with them to cause damage, like in Chelyabinsk.
You mentioned cosmic rays. The most energetic ones far exceed the energy of anything our accelerators produce, and it’s still a mystery where those unusually powerful ones come from.
Stars give out a lot of electromagnetic energy in the form of radio, microwave, infrared, ultraviolet and x-rays as well as visible light, and probably gamma rays too, although I haven’t heard anything about that one. Many frequencies of light are heavily or even fully absorbed by the upper atmosphere of Earth, which is part of what makes space telescopes necessary.
Lighting strikes on Jupiter are very noticeable as noise on some radio bands. I’m not actually sure how much of the wind that powers that is the Jupiter equivalent of geothermal, and how much is ultimately from sunlight. I’m guessing it skews to the latter, though.